The deadlift is the one movement that most people struggle with and where a lot of injuries occur, now you can't blame this on the deadlift as it is a fantastic exercise that if done correctly, can actually protect your lower back and strengthen your stability muscles. Herein lies the problem, most people do not deadlift correctly and this is mostly due to them not being taught the correct steps involved in a deadlift. It is not just about bending over and picking up a weight with a straight back. Cueing is everything and teaching a person HOW to move well is imperative, their technique won't change just by telling them to keep a neutral spine or giving them a lighter weight. You have to find a way to communicate what you want them to do so their BRAIN GETS IT! And then making sure they do it correctly often enough in order for the movement pattern to stick. Without changing their motor control system you aren't changing anything.
Before I hand a weight to deadlift to any of my clients I can commonly spend several sessions coaching them through the breakdowns of an efficient deadlift, some require less time, others more.
There are several ways to safely coach an individual through each separate step of the deadlift movement prior to even going near a weight, all of which can be practiced at home, with no special equipment needed. Once they are ready to add weight to the lift I always start with a medium weight kettlebell as it is a much easier piece of equipment to learn with than the barbell.
The most common problems I see with the deadlift, in order of popularity are:
people hinging off their necks
not engaging their lats (resulting in either pulling weight through their shoulder blades or lower back)
not using their breath (therefore putting their lower backs at risk)
not sitting into their hips enough (can be due to dysfunctional gluts or immobile hips)
pulling the weight off the floor as opposed to pushing the ground away from them.
A great deadlift should be:
neutral neck throughout
lats engaged throughout
tibias (shins) vertical throughout
barbell touching shins or kettlebell handle in line with ankles and follows that line throughout movement (weight stays as close to you as possible throughout movement)
short and sharp sniff into belly to create Intra-Abdominal Pressure before lifting and lowering
pushing through the heels to activate your posterior chain and initiate the deadlift
a neutral standing position at the top of the lift (ankles, knees, hips, shoulders, ears in one straight line), not hyperextending through the back
on the way down: not losing the lats; neutral neck; vertical shins and keeping the bar moving through the same line so it grazes shins on way down.
That is what every deadlift should look like, no exceptions, no excuses. If you are finding you're not achieving some of these steps then I'd urge you to seek help. You may have some mobility issues that need addressing first or maybe it is just a case of changing the way you move.
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